comment on the site

[Deep]

I would like to thank the author and congratulate her for the great site.Its probably the best communications tutorial site I have come across.Hope you can keep it going.

[andycomer]

I can not see the equations in any of the tutorials that are not PDFs. Any suggestions?

thanks

[charan langton]

I will be converting these slowly to PDF format. I am sorry about the problem. You May try again later. The problem seems to come and go.

[vibhuti]

HELLO I AM VIBHUTI AN ENGINEERING STUDENT . I AM DOING ENGG. THROUGH CORRESPONDENCE FROM IETE INDIA. PLEASE HELP ME BY GIVING DETAILS ON THE SUBJECTS ELECTROMAGNETICS AND RADIATION AND SECOND IS COMMUNICATION ENGG. I'LL POST U THE SUBJECTS DETAILS ALSO

[vibhuti]

COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING



1. Introduction to Communication Engineering 2 hours



1.1 Information signals.

1.2 Block diagram of a communication system.

1.3 Need for modulation.

1.4 Transmitters and Receivers.

1.5 Channel noise.



II [1]



2. Noise 6 hours



2.1 Types of noise.

2.2 Description of shot noise and thermal noise.

2.3 Available noise power.

2.4 White noise.

2.5 Noise temperature and Noise Figure.

2.6 Noise calculations.

2.7 Mathematical representation of narrowband noise.

2.8 Probability density function of the envelope of narrowband noise.



I [14]; II [2]



3. Modulated Signals 20 hours



3.1 Need for modulation.

3.2 Types of modulation of a sinusoidal carrier.

3.3 Amplitude modulation, definition, waveform, mathematical expression.

3.4 Power relations and spectrum.

(sinusoidal carrier with a sinusoidal modulating signal)

3.5 Generation and detection of AM signals.

3.6 AM Broadcasting.

3.7 Double sideband (DSB-SC) signals.

3.8 Single sideband (SSB) signals.

3.9 Vestigial sideband (VSB) signals.

3.10 Mathematical expressions of DSB-SC, SSB and VSB signals.

(sinusoidal and arbitrary modulating signals)

3.11 Spectra.

3.12 Power and bandwidth savings.

3.13 Generation and detection methods and their complexities.

3.14 Typical applications.

3.15 Performance of AM signals in the presence of noise.

3.16 Frequency and phase modulation.

(sinusoidal carrier with sinusoidal modulating signal)

3.17 Mathematical expressions, waveforms, Power.

3.18 Spectra and bandwidth.

3.19 Narrowband and wideband FM signals.

3.20 Direct and indirect methods of generation of FM signals.

3.21 Discriminators.

3.22 Performance of WBFM signals in the presence of noise.

3.23 Pre-emphasis and de-emphasis.

3.24 FM stereophonic broadcasting.

3.25 Comparison of AM and FM signals.

3.26 Frequency division multiplexing.



I [3, 4, 8, 9]; II [3-6]



4. Pulse Modulation 15 hours



4.1 Sampling theorem for low pass signals, its statement and proof.

4.2 Recovery of original signal from the samples.

4.3 Natural and flat top sampling.

4.4 Pulse amplitude modulated (PAM) signals.

4.5 Pulse width modulated (PWM) signals.

4.6 Pulse position modulated (PPM) signals.

4.7 Generation and detection of pulse modulation signals.

4.8 Pulse code modulation (PCM) signals.

4.9 Quantisation noise, bandwidth, trade-off, nonlinear quantisation, companding.

4.10 Delta modulation (DM) signals, slope overload, noise, bandwidth.

4.11 Adaptive delta modulation (ADM).

4.12 Baseband and modulated data signals.

4.13 Noise performance.

4.14 Optimum receiver for baseband binary data signals.



I [5, 6, 11]; II [13]



5. Information Theory and Coding 12 hours



5.1 Concept and measure of information, entropy, information rate.

5.2 Source coding (Shannon-Fano and Huffman).

5.3 Shannon’s coding theorem.

5.4 Channel capacity of a Gaussian channel.

5.5 Basic error control coding.]

5.6 Block codes – Coding and decoding.

5.7 Examples of Algebraic codes.



I [13]



6. Practical Communication Systems 5 hours



6.1 Radar principle.

6.2 Range equation, Performance factors.

6.3 Pulsed radars.

6.4 Moving target indicator.

6.5 CW Doppler radar.

6.6 Phased array radar.

6.7 Television fundamentals: scanning, idea of bandwidth.

6.8 Synchronization and blanking pulses, composite video signal.

6.9 Monochrome television transmission and reception.

6.10 Colour transmission and reception.

[vibhuti]

ELECTROMAGNETICS AND RADIATION



1. Electrostatics 9 hours



1.1 Coulomb’s law and Gauss’s law and their applications (line charge, surface charge and volume charge).
1.2 Energy in electrostatic fields.
1.3 Capacitance of parallel plate and coaxial cables.
1.4 Fields in dielectrics.
1.5 Boundary conditions.
1.6 Laplace and Poisson’s equations and their applications.

I [2, 3, 4, 6]; II [4, 5]


2. Magnetostatics 6 hours



2.1 Ampere’s law and Biot-Savart’s law and their applications.
2.2 Energy in magnetic field.
2.3 Boundary conditions.

I [2, 3, 4]; II [6, 7]


3. Maxwell's Equations 9 hours



3.1 Maxwell’s equations in integral form and differential form, (Gauss’s law in electric and magnetic field, Ampere’s circuital law, Faraday’s law).


I [3, 4]; II [9]


4. Uniform Plane Waves 6 hours



4.1 Wave equations and its solutions for free space and conducting media, surface impedance.

4.2 Power flow in an electromagnetic field , Poynting vector.

4.3 Reflection and refraction of uniform waves in conductors and dielectrics with normal and oblique incidence.



I [5, 9]; II [9, 10, 11]



5. Transmission Lines 12 hours



5.1 Distributed parameters (R, L, C, G) for open wire and coaxial cable.

5.2 Transmission line theory : line equation and solution , lossless lines.

5.3 Voltage Standing wave ratio ( VSWR ), Reflection coefficient.

5.4 Transmission lines as tunned circuit elements (short circuited and open circuited line).

5.5 Matching (quarter wave transformer, single stub).


I [6, 7]


6. Rectangular Waves Guides 6 hours



6.1 Transverse electric (TE) and Transverse magnetic (TM) waves for rectangular wave Guide.

6.2 Dominant mode, cut off frequency, guide wavelength, wave impedance, Wave guide Measurements.

6.3 Rectangular cavity resonator.



I [10]; II [13]


7. Elements of Antennas 9 hours



7.1 Hertizian Dipole.

7.2 Radiation resistance and directivity.

7.3 Linear Antennas (half wave dipole and its radiation field and radiation resistance, linear antenna of arbitrary length).

7.4 Antenna arrays (array of two Hertizian dipoles, uniform linear array of n antennas).



I [11]; II [18, 21]



8. Elements of Wave Propagation 3 hours



8.1 Elementary idea of ground wave, Space wave (direct wave ) and Sky wave (ionospheric) propagation and their characteristics ( skip distance, MUF or critical frequency, Reflection and refraction of waves by ionosphere).